30 Cloudburst Events in 46 Years, 8 Major Disasters in Last 9

In 46 years, only 30 cloudburst incidents occurred, but the last 9 years saw 8 major disasters. Climate change, excessive construction, and deforestation are the reasons behind this. Lessons from Kedarnath (2013) and Kishtwar (2025) are crucial for prevention.
The aftermath of a cloudburst in Chashoti village, Kishtwar. (Photo: Reuters)

Source: aajtak

In India, particularly in the Himalayan regions, cloudburst events have significantly increased over the past few decades. These incidents bring heavy rainfall within hours over small areas, leading to floods, landslides, and substantial devastation. But why are these events becoming more frequent?

When have cloudbursts occurred in India? Let's explore the causes and impacts. We will provide a detailed list of all major incidents in recent years to help you comprehend the situation thoroughly.

What is a Cloudburst?

According to IMD, when more than 100 millimeters (10 centimeters) of rain falls within an hour over a small area of 20-30 square kilometers, it is termed a cloudburst. Some scientists also consider 50-100 millimeters of rain in two hours as a ‘mini cloudburst’.

This occurs when moisture-laden air climbs the mountains. At altitude, cumulonimbus clouds form, becoming so heavy that they suddenly release all the water, causing floods and landslides.

India's frequent cloudbursts

Source: aajtak

Causes of Cloudbursts
India's frequent cloudbursts

Source: aajtak

Impacts of Cloudbursts
India's frequent cloudbursts

Source: aajtak

Detailed List of Cloudburst Events in India

Between 1970 and 2016, only 30 official cloudburst events were recorded, but recent years have seen an increase. Here is a list of notable events over the past 100 years...

Increasing Cloudburst Incidents: Why?
Impact of the Himalayas:

The slopes and glaciers of the Himalayas intensify rainfall. Deforestation and dams have made this more dangerous.

Climate Change:

Warming seas are increasing moisture, heightening rainfall intensity. Some regions have seen rainfall increase by 20-50% since 1950.

Human Errors:

Improper constructions, unbridled tourism development, and lack of drainage exacerbate flooding.

Lack of Forecasting:

Meteorology departments can warn of heavy rain but cannot pinpoint exact locations and times.

Where is the Risk Highest?
Jammu & Kashmir:

Kishtwar, Pahalgam, and Amarnath areas.

Himachal Pradesh:

Kullu, Manali, Shimla, and Chamba.

Uttarakhand:

Kedarnath, Chamoli, Rudraprayag, and Joshimath.

Ladakh:

Leh.

Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh:

Tawang and North Sikkim.

You might also like